Medically Reviewed by Dr Benjamin Yip, Consultant Gastroenterologist
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers in Singapore and remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. It develops when abnormal cells grow within the colon or rectum and gradually form a tumour.
The good news is that colorectal cancer is highly treatable when detected early. In many cases, precancerous polyps can be identified and removed before they develop into cancer, making colorectal cancer screening a useful method of identifying and/or preventing the progression of the disease.
At Alpha Digestive & Liver Centre, we provide comprehensive colorectal cancer screening and treatment in Singapore, helping patients achieve early diagnosis and access timely care.
Concerned About Colorectal Cancer Risk?
If you are experiencing rectal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, unexplained weight loss, or have a family history of colorectal cancer, early evaluation is important.
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What is Colorectal Cancer?
Colorectal cancer occurs when abnormal cells develop within the lining of the colon or rectum. Most colorectal cancers begin as small growths known as polyps.
While many polyps are benign initially, some may gradually develop into cancer over time. This process often occurs slowly over several years, which is why regular screening plays a critical role in prevention.
Colorectal cancer may affect individuals of all ages, although the risk generally increases after the age of 45.
What Are the Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer?
Early-stage colorectal cancer may not cause symptoms. As the disease progresses, patients may experience:
- Rectal bleeding
- Blood in the stool
- Persistent diarrhoea
- Persistent constipation
- Changes in bowel habits
- Abdominal discomfort
- Bloating
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Iron deficiency anaemia
Many of these symptoms can also occur in other digestive conditions. Persistent symptoms should always be evaluated by a gastroenterologist.
Warning Signs That Require Medical Attention
Seek medical attention if you experience:
- Persistent rectal bleeding
- Black stools
- Significant weight loss
- Ongoing abdominal pain
- Persistent changes in bowel habits
- Unexplained anaemia
What Causes Colorectal Cancer?
The exact cause of colorectal cancer is not always known. However, several factors may increase the risk.
Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer
- Increasing age
- Family history of colorectal cancer
- Personal history of polyps
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Physical inactivity
- Diets high in processed or red meat
- Type 2 diabetes
Understanding your risk factors can help determine when screening should begin.
Why Is Colorectal Cancer Screening Important?
Colorectal cancer screening allows doctors to detect polyps and early cancers before symptoms develop.
Screening is important because:
- Early colorectal cancer often causes no symptoms
- Polyps can be removed before becoming cancerous
- Early-stage cancers are easier to treat
- Survival rates are significantly higher when cancer is detected early
Regular screening remains one of the most effective strategies for preventing colorectal cancer.
Who Should Undergo Colorectal Cancer Screening?
You should consider colorectal cancer screening if you:
- Are aged 45 years or older
- Have a family history of colorectal cancer
- Have a history of colorectal polyps
- Have inflammatory bowel disease
- Experience rectal bleeding
- Have unexplained anaemia
- Have persistent changes in bowel habits
Your gastroenterologist can recommend the most appropriate screening schedule based on your risk profile.
Colorectal Cancer Screening Options in Singapore
Several screening methods are available.
Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening.
During the procedure, a flexible camera is inserted into the colon to identify:
- Polyps
- Abnormal growths
- Inflammation
- Early-stage cancer
Polyps identified during colonoscopy can often be removed immediately, reducing the risk of cancer development.
Stool-Based Tests
Certain stool tests may detect hidden blood or abnormal DNA associated with colorectal cancer.
While useful in selected cases, abnormal results usually require follow-up colonoscopy.
CT Colonography
CT colonography is a specialised imaging test that may be used in selected patients when colonoscopy is not suitable.
Due for Colorectal Cancer Screening?
Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes.
Schedule a consultation with our gastroenterologist to discuss the most appropriate screening option for you.
How Is Colorectal Cancer Diagnosed?
If colorectal cancer is suspected, several investigations may be recommended.
Medical History and Physical Examination
Your doctor will review symptoms, risk factors, and family history.
Blood Tests
Blood tests may help identify anaemia, inflammation, or other abnormalities.
Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy remains the most important diagnostic procedure for colorectal cancer.
It allows direct visualisation of the colon and enables biopsy of suspicious areas.
Imaging Studies
Additional imaging may include:
- CT scans
- MRI scans
- PET scans
These investigations help determine the extent of disease and guide treatment planning.
Biopsy
A biopsy involves taking a tissue sample for microscopic examination.
This remains the definitive method for confirming colorectal cancer.
Experiencing Symptoms?
Persistent rectal bleeding, unexplained weight loss, abdominal pain, or changes in bowel habits should not be ignored.
Schedule an Assessment with Dr Benjamin Yip
Colorectal Cancer Treatments in Singapore
Treatment depends on:
- Cancer stage
- Tumour location
- Overall health
- Presence of metastasis
A personalised treatment plan is developed for each patient.
Surgery
Surgery is often the primary treatment for localised colorectal cancer.
The goal is to remove the tumour and surrounding affected tissue while preserving bowel function whenever possible.
Polypectomy
Small cancerous or precancerous polyps detected during colonoscopy may be removed using polypectomy.
This can prevent progression to invasive cancer.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy uses medications to destroy cancer cells throughout the body.
It may be recommended:
- Before surgery
- After surgery
- For advanced-stage disease
Radiation Therapy
Radiation therapy is commonly used for rectal cancers and may be combined with chemotherapy.
The treatment uses targeted radiation to destroy cancer cells while minimising damage to surrounding tissues.
Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapies focus on specific genetic and molecular characteristics of cancer cells.
These treatments may be recommended for selected patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy helps the body's immune system recognise and attack cancer cells.
This treatment may be suitable for certain colorectal cancers with specific genetic features.
Multidisciplinary Cancer Care
Many colorectal cancer patients benefit from a multidisciplinary approach involving:
- Gastroenterologists
- Colorectal surgeons
- Medical oncologists
- Radiation oncologists
- Radiologists
- Pathologists
This collaborative approach helps ensure optimal treatment outcomes.
Can Colorectal Cancer Be Prevented?
While prevention is not always possible, several measures may reduce risk.
Healthy Lifestyle Habits
- Maintain a healthy body weight
- Exercise regularly
- Avoid smoking
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Eat a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fibre
Regular Screening
Routine colorectal cancer screening remains the most effective method of prevention because it allows polyps to be identified and removed before they become cancerous.
When Should You See a Gastroenterologist?
You should consult a gastroenterologist if you:
- Have rectal bleeding
- Experience persistent bowel habit changes
- Have unexplained abdominal pain
- Have a family history of colorectal cancer
- Are due for routine screening
- Have previously had colorectal polyps
Early assessment can improve outcomes and provide reassurance when symptoms are caused by non-cancerous conditions.
Why Choose Alpha Digestive and Liver Centre for Colorectal Cancer Screening and Treatment?
At Alpha Digestive & Liver Centre, patients receive personalised care from Dr Benjamin Yip, consultant gastroenterologist.
We provide:
- Comprehensive colorectal cancer screening
- Colonoscopy services
- Early detection and diagnosis
- Personalised treatment planning
- Advanced digestive investigations
- Evidence-based patient care
Our focus is on early detection, diagnosis, and helping patients access appropriate treatment as early as possible.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is colorectal cancer?
Colorectal cancer is cancer that develops in the colon or rectum, often beginning as precancerous polyps.
When should I start colorectal cancer screening?
Most individuals should begin screening at age 45. Earlier screening may be recommended for those with increased risk factors.
Is colonoscopy the best screening test?
Colonoscopy is widely regarded as the most effective colorectal cancer screening method because it can both detect and remove polyps during the same procedure.
Can colorectal cancer be prevented?
Many cases can be prevented through regular screening, healthy lifestyle choices, and early removal of precancerous polyps.
What are the symptoms of colorectal cancer?
Common symptoms include rectal bleeding, blood in stools, abdominal pain, bowel habit changes, and unexplained weight loss.
What treatments are available for colorectal cancer?
Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
When should I see a specialist?
You should seek specialist advice if you have symptoms, risk factors, or are due for routine colorectal cancer screening.
Book an Appointment
If you are due for colorectal cancer screening, experiencing digestive symptoms, or would like to discuss colorectal cancer treatment options, our team can help.
Schedule a consultation with Dr Benjamin Yip today for comprehensive colorectal cancer screening and treatment in Singapore.
